American Systems•2 MIN READ

Independent Agencies Face New Uncertainty After Supreme Court Expands Firing Power

Erin Calloway

Updated Jun 30, 2026

A Supreme Court ruling that lets President Trump fire a Federal Trade Commission member without cause is expected to reach far beyond the FTC, unwinding decades of protection for agencies built to operate outside direct presidential control.

What You Should Know

The 6-3 decision in Trump v. Slaughter overturned Humphrey’s Executor, a 1935 precedent that had shielded roughly two dozen independent agencies, including the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Federal Communications Commission, and the National Transportation Safety Board, from at-will removal, according to CNN. Agency heads who previously needed a documented cause, such as neglect of duty, to be fired can now be removed simply because the president disagrees with them.

The System Under Pressure

CNN reported the ruling’s reasoning extends logically to other bodies where Trump has already moved to remove board members, including the National Labor Relations Board, the Merit Systems Protection Board, and the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Chief Justice John Roberts wrote that subordinates who exercise presidential power “are subject to removal by him,” while conservative Justice Clarence Thomas separately argued the Federal Reserve carve-out in a companion ruling rested on a too-generous view of how that institution has performed.

The Receipts

Senate Judiciary Committee ranking member Dick Durbin called the decision “an affront to good governance and the point of ‘independent’ federal agencies in the first place,” according to PBS NewsHour. Justice Sonia Sotomayor’s dissent in the case warned the ruling handed the presidency unchecked authority over agencies Congress designed to operate at arm’s length from the White House.

What Happens Next

With the legal shield gone, agency officials facing removal will have far less ground to challenge it in court. Expect more contested firings across federal watchdog and regulatory bodies as the ruling’s reach gets tested agency by agency.

References: CNN | PBS NewsHour